远端状态订阅开发实例

IPC/RPC提供对远端Stub对象状态的订阅机制,在远端Stub对象消亡时,可触发消亡通知告诉本地Proxy对象。这种状态通知订阅需要调用特定接口完成,当不再需要订阅时也需要调用特定接口取消。使用这种订阅机制的用户,需要实现消亡通知接口DeathRecipient并实现onRemoteDied方法清理资源。该方法会在远端Stub对象所在进程消亡或所在设备离开组网时被回调。值得注意的是,调用这些接口有一定的顺序。首先,需要Proxy订阅Stub消亡通知,若在订阅期间Stub状态正常,则在不再需要时取消订阅;若在订阅期间Stub所在进程退出或者所在设备退出组网,则会自动触发Proxy自定义的后续操作。

使用场景

这种订阅机制适用于本地Proxy对象需要感知远端Stub对象所在进程消亡,或所在设备离开组网的场景。当Proxy感知到Stub端消亡后,可适当清理本地资源。此外,RPC目前不提供匿名Stub对象的消亡通知,即只有向SAMgr注册过的服务才能被订阅消亡通知,IPC则支持匿名对象的消亡通知。

Native侧接口

接口名 返回值类型 功能描述
AddDeathRecipient(const sptr<DeathRecipient> &recipient); bool 订阅远端Stub对象状态。
RemoveDeathRecipient(const sptr<DeathRecipient> &recipient); bool 取消订阅远端Stub对象状态。
OnRemoteDied(const wptr<IRemoteObject> &object); void 当远端Stub对象死亡时回调。

参考代码

#include "iremote_broker.h"
#include "iremote_stub.h"

//定义消息码
enum {
    TRANS_ID_PING_ABILITY = 5,
    TRANS_ID_REVERSED_MONITOR
};

const std::string DESCRIPTOR = "test.ITestAbility";

class ITestService : public IRemoteBroker {
public:
    // DECLARE_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR是必需的,入参需使用std::u16string;
    DECLARE_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR(to_utf16(DESCRIPTOR));
    virtual int TestPingAbility(const std::u16string &dummy) = 0; // 定义业务函数
};

class TestServiceProxy : public IRemoteProxy<ITestAbility> {
public:
    explicit TestAbilityProxy(const sptr<IRemoteObject> &impl);
    virtual int TestPingAbility(const std::u16string &dummy) override;
    int TestAnonymousStub();
private:
    static inline BrokerDelegator<TestAbilityProxy> delegator_; // 方便后续使用iface_cast宏
};

TestServiceProxy::TestServiceProxy(const sptr<IRemoteObject> &impl)
    : IRemoteProxy<ITestAbility>(impl)
{
}

int TestServiceProxy::TestPingAbility(const std::u16string &dummy){
    MessageOption option;
    MessageParcel dataParcel, replyParcel;
    dataParcel.WriteString16(dummy);
    int error = PeerHolder::Remote()->SendRequest(TRANS_ID_PING_ABILITY, dataParcel, replyParcel, option);
    int result = (error == ERR_NONE) ? replyParcel.ReadInt32() : -1;
    return result;
}
#include "iremote_object.h"

class TestDeathRecipient : public IRemoteObject::DeathRecipient {
public:
    virtual void OnRemoteDied(const wptr<IRemoteObject>& remoteObject);
}

void TestDeathRecipient::OnRemoteDied(const wptr<IRemoteObject>& remoteObject)
{
}
sptr<IPCObjectProxy> object = new IPCObjectProxy(1, to_utf16(DESCRIPTOR));
sptr<IRemoteObject::DeathRecipient> deathRecipient (new TestDeathRecipient());// 构造一个消亡通知对象
bool result = object->AddDeathRecipient(deathRecipient); // 注册消亡通知
result = object->RemoveDeathRecipient(deathRecipient); // 移除消亡通知

JS侧接口

接口名 返回值类型 功能描述
registerDeathRecipient void 注册用于接收远程对象消亡通知的回调,增加 proxy 对象上的消亡通知。
unregisterDeathRecipient void 注销用于接收远程对象消亡通知的回调。
onRemoteDied void 在成功添加死亡通知订阅后,当远端对象死亡时,将自动调用本方法。

获取context

Stage模型在连接服务前需要先获取context

import Ability from "@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility";

export default class MainAbility extends Ability {
    onCreate(want, launchParam) {
        console.log("[Demo] MainAbility onCreate");
        globalThis.context = this.context;
    }
    onDestroy() {
        console.log("[Demo] MainAbility onDestroy");
    }
    onWindowStageCreate(windowStage) {
        // Main window is created, set main page for this ability
        console.log("[Demo] MainAbility onWindowStageCreate");
    }
    onWindowStageDestroy() {
        // Main window is destroyed, release UI related resources
        console.log("[Demo] MainAbility onWindowStageDestroy");
    }
    onForeground() {
        // Ability has brought to foreground
        console.log("[Demo] MainAbility onForeground");
    }
    onBackground() {
        // Ability has back to background
        console.log("[Demo] MainAbility onBackground");
    }
}

参考代码

// 仅FA模型需要导入@ohos.ability.featureAbility
// import FA from "@ohos.ability.featureAbility";

let proxy;
let connect = {
    onConnect: function(elementName, remoteProxy) {
        console.log("RpcClient: js onConnect called.");
        proxy = remoteProxy;
    },
    onDisconnect: function(elementName) {
        console.log("RpcClient: onDisconnect");
    },
    onFailed: function() {
        console.log("RpcClient: onFailed");
    }
};
let want = {
    "bundleName": "com.ohos.server",
    "abilityName": "com.ohos.server.MainAbility",
};
// FA模型通过此方法连接服务
// FA.connectAbility(want, connect);

globalThis.context.connectServiceExtensionAbility(want, connect);

class MyDeathRecipient {
    onRemoteDied() {
        console.log("server died");
    }
}
let deathRecipient = new MyDeathRecipient();
proxy.registerDeathRecippient(deathRecipient, 0);
proxy.unregisterDeathRecipient(deathRecipient, 0);

Stub感知Proxy消亡(匿名Stub的使用)

正向的消亡通知是Proxy感知Stub的状态,若想达到反向的死消亡通知,即Stub感知Proxy的状态,可以巧妙的利用正向消亡通知。如两个进程A(原Stub所在进程)和B(原Proxy所在进程),进程B在获取到进程A的Proxy对象后,在B进程新建一个匿名Stub对象(匿名指未向SAMgr注册),可称之为回调Stub,再通过SendRequest接口将回调Stub传给进程A的原Stub。这样一来,进程A便获取到了进程B的回调Proxy。当进程B消亡或B所在设备离开组网时,回调Stub会消亡,回调Proxy会感知,进而通知给原Stub,便实现了反向消亡通知。

注意:

反向死亡通知仅限设备内跨进程通信使用,不可用于跨设备。

当匿名Stub对象没有被任何一个Proxy指向的时候,内核会自动回收。

参考代码

//Proxy
int TestAbilityProxy::TestAnonymousStub()
{
    MessageOption option;
    MessageParcel dataParcel, replyParcel;
    dataParcel.UpdateDataVersion(Remote());
    dataParcel.WriteRemoteObject(new TestAbilityStub());
    int error = Remote()->SendRequest(TRANS_ID_REVERSED_MONITOR,dataParcel, replyParcel, option);
    int result = (error == ERR_NONE) ? replyParcel.ReadInt32() : -1;
    return result;
}

//Stub

int TestAbilityStub::OnRemoteRequest(uint32_t code, MessageParcel &data, MessageParcel &reply, MessageOption &option)
{
    switch (code) {
        case TRANS_ID_REVERSED_MONITOR: {
            sptr<IRemoteObject> obj = data.ReadRemoteObject();
            if (obj == nullptr) {
                reply.WriteInt32(ERR_NULL_OBJECT);
                return ERR_NULL_OBJECT;
            }
            bool result = obj->AddDeathRecipient(new TestDeathRecipient());
            result ? reply.WriteInt32(ERR_NONE) : reply.WriteInt32(-1);
            break;
        }
        default:
            break;
    }
    return ERR_NONE;
}