长时任务
场景说明
如果应用需要在后台长时间执行用户可感知的任务,如后台播放音乐、导航、设备连接、VoIP等,则使用长时任务避免进入挂起(Suspend)状态。 长时任务在后台执行没有时间限制。为了避免该机制被滥用,系统只允许申请有限个数的长时任务类型,同时会有相应的通知提示与长时任务相关联,使用户可感知,并且系统会添加相应的校验机制,确保应用是的确在执行相应的长时任务。
接口说明
表1 长时任务主要接口
接口名 | 描述 |
---|---|
startBackgroundRunning(context: Context, bgMode: BackgroundMode, wantAgent: WantAgent): Promise<void> | 服务启动后,向系统申请长时任务,使服务一直保持后台运行。 |
stopBackgroundRunning(context: Context): Promise<void> | 停止后台长时任务的运行。 |
其中,wantAgent的信息详见(WantAgent)
表2 后台模式类型
参数名 | 描述 | 配置项 |
---|---|---|
DATA_TRANSFER | 数据传输 | dataTransfer |
AUDIO_PLAYBACK | 音频播放 | audioPlayback |
AUDIO_RECORDING | 录音 | audioRecording |
LOCATION | 定位导航 | location |
BLUETOOTH_INTERACTION | 蓝牙相关 | bluetoothInteraction |
MULTI_DEVICE_CONNECTION | 多设备互联 | multiDeviceConnection |
WIFI_INTERACTION | WLAN相关(系统保留) | wifiInteraction |
VOIP | 音视频通话(系统保留) | voip |
TASK_KEEPING | 计算任务(仅供特定设备使用) | taskKeeping |
开发步骤
基于FA模型
基于FA的Service Ability使用,参考ServiceAbility开发指导。
当不需要与后台执行的长时任务交互时,可以采用startAbility()方法启动Service Ability。并在Service Ability的onStart回调方法中,调用长时任务的申请接口,声明此服务需要在后台长时运行。当任务执行完,再调用长时任务取消接口,及时释放资源。
当需要与后台执行的长时任务交互时(如播放音乐等)。可以采用connectAbility()方法启动并连接Service Ability。在获取到服务的代理对象后,与服务进行通信,控制长时任务的申请和取消。
1、在config.json文件中配置长时任务权限ohos.permission.KEEP_BACKGROUND_RUNNING、同时为需要使用长时任务的Service Ability声明相应的后台模式类型。
"module": {
"package": "com.example.myapplication",
"abilities": [
{
"backgroundModes": [
"dataTransfer",
"location"
], // 后台模式类型
"type": "service" // ability类型为service
}
],
"reqPermissions": [
{
"name": "ohos.permission.KEEP_BACKGROUND_RUNNING" // 长时任务权限
}
]
}
2、在Service Ability调用长时任务的申请和取消接口。
import backgroundTaskManager from '@ohos.resourceschedule.backgroundTaskManager';
import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility';
import wantAgent from '@ohos.wantAgent';
import rpc from "@ohos.rpc";
function startContinuousTask() {
let wantAgentInfo = {
// 点击通知后,将要执行的动作列表
wants: [
{
bundleName: "com.example.myapplication",
abilityName: "com.example.myapplication.MainAbility"
}
],
// 点击通知后,动作类型
operationType: wantAgent.OperationType.START_ABILITY,
// 使用者自定义的一个私有值
requestCode: 0,
// 点击通知后,动作执行属性
wantAgentFlags: [wantAgent.WantAgentFlags.UPDATE_PRESENT_FLAG]
};
// 通过wantAgent模块的getWantAgent方法获取WantAgent对象
wantAgent.getWantAgent(wantAgentInfo).then((wantAgentObj) => {
try {
backgroundTaskManager.startBackgroundRunning(featureAbility.getContext(),
backgroundTaskManager.BackgroundMode.DATA_TRANSFER, wantAgentObj).then(() => {
console.info("Operation startBackgroundRunning succeeded");
}).catch((err) => {
console.error("Operation startBackgroundRunning failed Cause: " + err);
});
} catch (error) {
console.error(`Operation startBackgroundRunning failed. code is ${error.code} message is ${error.message}`);
}
});
}
function stopContinuousTask() {
try {
backgroundTaskManager.stopBackgroundRunning(featureAbility.getContext()).then(() => {
console.info("Operation stopBackgroundRunning succeeded");
}).catch((err) => {
console.error("Operation stopBackgroundRunning failed Cause: " + err);
});
} catch (error) {
console.error(`Operation stopBackgroundRunning failed. code is ${error.code} message is ${error.message}`);
}
}
async function processAsyncJobs() {
// 此处执行具体的长时任务。
// 长时任务执行完,调用取消接口,释放资源。
stopContinuousTask();
}
let mMyStub;
class MyStub extends rpc.RemoteObject {
constructor(des) {
if (typeof des === 'string') {
super(des);
} else {
return null;
}
}
onRemoteRequest(code, data, reply, option) {
console.log('ServiceAbility onRemoteRequest called');
// code 的具体含义用户自定义
if (code === 1) {
// 接收到申请长时任务的请求码
startContinuousTask();
// 此处执行具体长时任务
} else if (code === 2) {
// 接收到取消长时任务的请求码
stopContinuousTask();
} else {
console.log('ServiceAbility unknown request code');
}
return true;
}
}
export default {
onStart(want) {
console.info('ServiceAbility onStart');
mMyStub = new MyStub("ServiceAbility-test");
// 在执行后台长时任前,调用申请接口。
startContinuousTask();
processAsyncJobs();
},
onStop() {
console.info('ServiceAbility onStop');
},
onConnect(want) {
console.info('ServiceAbility onConnect');
return mMyStub;
},
onReconnect(want) {
console.info('ServiceAbility onReconnect');
},
onDisconnect() {
console.info('ServiceAbility onDisconnect');
},
onCommand(want, restart, startId) {
console.info('ServiceAbility onCommand');
}
};
基于Stage模型
Stage模型的相关信息参考Stage开发概述。
1、在module.json5文件中配置长时任务权限ohos.permission.KEEP_BACKGROUND_RUNNING、同时为需要使用长时任务的ability声明相应的后台模式类型。
"module": {
"abilities": [
{
"backgroundModes": [
"dataTransfer",
"location"
], // 后台模式类型
}
],
"requestPermissions": [
{
"name": "ohos.permission.KEEP_BACKGROUND_RUNNING" // 长时任务权限
}
]
}
2、在应用内执行长时任务时,由于元能力启动管控规则限制,不支持同应用通过startAbilityByCall的形式在后台创建并运行Ability。可以直接在page中,执行相应的代码。Stage模型的Ability使用参考Stage模型开发指导-UIAbility组件。
import wantAgent from '@ohos.wantAgent';
import backgroundTaskManager from '@ohos.resourceschedule.backgroundTaskManager';
@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
@State message: string = 'test'
// 通过getContext方法,来获取page所在的Ability上下文。
private context: any = getContext(this)
startContinuousTask() {
let wantAgentInfo = {
// 点击通知后,将要执行的动作列表
wants: [
{
bundleName: "com.example.myapplication",
abilityName: "com.example.myapplication.MainAbility",
}
],
// 点击通知后,动作类型
operationType: wantAgent.OperationType.START_ABILITY,
// 使用者自定义的一个私有值
requestCode: 0,
// 点击通知后,动作执行属性
wantAgentFlags: [wantAgent.WantAgentFlags.UPDATE_PRESENT_FLAG]
};
// 通过wantAgent模块的getWantAgent方法获取WantAgent对象
wantAgent.getWantAgent(wantAgentInfo).then((wantAgentObj) => {
try {
backgroundTaskManager.startBackgroundRunning(this.context,
backgroundTaskManager.BackgroundMode.DATA_TRANSFER, wantAgentObj).then(() => {
console.info("Operation startBackgroundRunning succeeded");
}).catch((err) => {
console.error("Operation startBackgroundRunning failed Cause: " + err);
});
} catch (error) {
console.error(`Operation startBackgroundRunning failed. code is ${error.code} message is ${error.message}`);
}
});
}
stopContinuousTask() {
try {
backgroundTaskManager.stopBackgroundRunning(this.context).then(() => {
console.info("Operation stopBackgroundRunning succeeded");
}).catch((err) => {
console.error("Operation stopBackgroundRunning failed Cause: " + err);
});
} catch (error) {
console.error(`Operation stopBackgroundRunning failed. code is ${error.code} message is ${error.message}`);
}
}
build() {
Row() {
Column() {
Text("Index")
.fontSize(50)
.fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
Button() { Text('申请长时任务').fontSize(25).fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold) }.type(ButtonType.Capsule)
.margin({ top: 10 }).backgroundColor('#0D9FFB').width(250).height(40)
.onClick(() => {
// 通过按钮申请长时任务
this.startContinuousTask();
// 此处执行具体的长时任务逻辑,如放音等。
})
Button() { Text('取消长时任务').fontSize(25).fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold) }.type(ButtonType.Capsule)
.margin({ top: 10 }).backgroundColor('#0D9FFB').width(250).height(40)
.onClick(() => {
// 此处结束具体的长时任务的执行
// 通过按钮取消长时任务
this.stopContinuousTask();
})
}
.width('100%')
}
.height('100%')
}
}
3、当需要跨设备或者跨应用在后台执行长时任务时,可以通过Call的方式在后台创建并运行Ability。使用方式参考Call调用开发指南(同设备),Call调用开发指南(跨设备)。
import UIAbility from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
import backgroundTaskManager from '@ohos.resourceschedule.backgroundTaskManager';
import wantAgent from '@ohos.wantAgent';
const MSG_SEND_METHOD: string = 'CallSendMsg'
let mContext = null;
function startContinuousTask() {
let wantAgentInfo = {
// 点击通知后,将要执行的动作列表
wants: [
{
bundleName: "com.example.myapplication",
abilityName: "com.example.myapplication.MainAbility",
}
],
// 点击通知后,动作类型
operationType: wantAgent.OperationType.START_ABILITY,
// 使用者自定义的一个私有值
requestCode: 0,
// 点击通知后,动作执行属性
wantAgentFlags: [wantAgent.WantAgentFlags.UPDATE_PRESENT_FLAG]
};
// 通过wantAgent模块的getWantAgent方法获取WantAgent对象
wantAgent.getWantAgent(wantAgentInfo).then((wantAgentObj) => {
try {
backgroundTaskManager.startBackgroundRunning(mContext,
backgroundTaskManager.BackgroundMode.DATA_TRANSFER, wantAgentObj).then(() => {
console.info("Operation startBackgroundRunning succeeded");
}).catch((error) => {
console.error(`Operation startBackgroundRunning failed. code is ${error.code} message is ${error.message}`);
});
} catch (error) {
console.error(`Operation startBackgroundRunning failed. code is ${error.code} message is ${error.message}`);
}
});
}
function stopContinuousTask() {
try {
backgroundTaskManager.stopBackgroundRunning(mContext).then(() => {
console.info("Operation stopBackgroundRunning succeeded");
}).catch((error) => {
console.error(`Operation stopBackgroundRunning failed. code is ${error.code} message is ${error.message}`);
});
} catch (error) {
console.error(`Operation stopBackgroundRunning failed. code is ${error.code} message is ${error.message}`);
}
}
class MyParcelable {
num: number = 0;
str: String = "";
constructor(num, string) {
this.num = num;
this.str = string;
}
marshalling(messageSequence) {
messageSequence.writeInt(this.num);
messageSequence.writeString(this.str);
return true;
}
unmarshalling(messageSequence) {
this.num = messageSequence.readInt();
this.str = messageSequence.readString();
return true;
}
}
function sendMsgCallback(data) {
console.info('BgTaskAbility funcCallBack is called ' + data)
let receivedData = new MyParcelable(0, "")
data.readParcelable(receivedData)
console.info(`receiveData[${receivedData.num}, ${receivedData.str}]`)
// 可以根据Caller端发送的序列化数据的str值,执行不同的方法。
if (receivedData.str === 'start_bgtask') {
startContinuousTask()
} else if (receivedData.str === 'stop_bgtask') {
stopContinuousTask();
}
return new MyParcelable(10, "Callee test");
}
export default class BgTaskAbility extends Ability {
onCreate(want, launchParam) {
console.info("[Demo] BgTaskAbility onCreate")
this.callee.on("test", sendMsgCallback);
try {
this.callee.on(MSG_SEND_METHOD, sendMsgCallback)
} catch (error) {
console.error(`${MSG_SEND_METHOD} register failed with error ${JSON.stringify(error)}`)
}
mContext = this.context;
}
onDestroy() {
console.info("[Demo] BgTaskAbility onDestroy")
}
onWindowStageCreate(windowStage) {
console.info("[Demo] BgTaskAbility onWindowStageCreate")
windowStage.loadContent("pages/index").then((data)=> {
console.info(`load content succeed with data ${JSON.stringify(data)}`)
}).catch((error)=>{
console.error(`load content failed with error ${JSON.stringify(error)}`)
})
}
onWindowStageDestroy() {
console.info("[Demo] BgTaskAbility onWindowStageDestroy")
}
onForeground() {
console.info("[Demo] BgTaskAbility onForeground")
}
onBackground() {
console.info("[Demo] BgTaskAbility onBackground")
}
};